ACHIEVMENT’S COST

What Daugherty’s biography shows is that success as a great writer mattered the most to Cormac McCarthy.

Audio-book Review
By Chet Yarbrough

(Blog:awalkingdelight)
 Website: chetyarbrough.blog

Cormac McCarthy (A Legacy Revisited)

Author: Tracy Daugherty

Narrated by: Graham Winton

Tracy Daugherty (American author, Professor of English and Creative Writing at Oregon State University.)

Cormac McCarthy.

One thinks of Cormac McCarthy as a recluse, but Tracy Daugherty’s biography shows him to be a young boy who is a charmer and high school cutup who outshines the intelligence of his classmates. Living and being raised in Tennessee, he lives a life of an upper middleclass son who has a troubled relationship with his father. He begins his writing life early in his high school years, graduates from the University of Tennessee, and joins the U.S. Air Force in 1953. He leaves the Air Force in 1957, returns to Tennessee, and begins writing seriously in his twenties.

Cormac McCarthy’s first published novel.

At age 31, McCarthy has his first novel (The Orchard Keeper) published in 1965. It is not a best seller, but it receives praise from accomplished writers like Ralph Ellison. It is not until he is near 51 years of age that literary success for his writing is achieved. “Blood Meridian” is published. His fame and notoriety grow. Daughterty infers McCarthy’s father read everything his son wrote and admired his son but never resolves their broken relationship. When Cormac’s father dies, he chooses not to attend his funeral.

Even though the Orchard Keeper outsold Blood Meridian, this is the novel that gave McCarthy the reputation as a great writer.

Before “Blood Meridian”, McCarthy had written “Outer Dark”, “Child of God”, and “Suttree” which were published without much acclaim. Despite Daugherty’s characterization of McCarthy as a highly intelligent writer, he did not become widely famous until “All the Pretty Horses” is published in 1992. Literary success is accompanied by substantial financial success.

Daugherty suggests McCarthy’s personal life is troubled by selfishness and his obsession to become a great writer.

McCarthy neglects his wives and family because of his driven desire to be a great writer. His first marriage to Lee Holleman lasts for two years with one son, both of which he abandons. His second wife, Anne DeLisle, lasts for over ten years but his literary ambition, as it had in his first marriage, gets in the way of the relationship. McCarthy marries two more times but his growing reputation as one of America’s greatest novelists is elusive. He achieves the sobriquet of “great writer” with “Blood Meridian” published in 1985. It is considered a masterpiece of historical fiction alongside works of writers like Herman Melville and William Faulkner.

Cormac McCarthy as a young man when “Suttree” is published.

Goals are based on plans for achievement.

McCarthy’s reputation becomes legendary after the success of the “Border Trilogy” and “All the Pretty Horses”. His critical acclaim is nationally and internationally recognized. He is perceived as a recluse, an outsider, and a literary hermit. In Daugherty’s opinion, McCarthy was a disciplined, and dedicated artist whose public image hides the truth of his peripatetic and storied life.

Daugherty argues McCarthy captures an American life characterized by violence, greed, love, and achievement of a singular focused goal. McCarthy’s goal is to be a great writer. He transforms the experiences of his own life with intensity and reality that makes his writing unforgettable. Having recently listened to “The Road”, one can see how McCarthy regrets his failure as a father. It almost seems “The Road” is a kind of apology for his neglect as a father. McCarthy’s dogged pursuit to become a great writer is based on an obsession. The written characters he develops, and life experiences noted in this biography are clearly evident in his books. Only McCarthy would know if the cost of many marriages, his estrangement from his father, and the neglect of his first son (he had a second son with a future wife) were worth the achievement of his goal. McCarthy dies in 2023.

What Daugherty’s biography shows is that success as a great writer mattered the most to Cormac McCarthy.

ADULTHOOD

Thomas Wolfe shows how we become adults. He implies adulthood is a function of genetic inheritance, personal experience, and acceptance or rejection of our parents’ life experience.

Audio-book Review
By Chet Yarbrough

(Blog:awalkingdelight)
 Website: chetyarbrough.blog

Look Homeword Angel

Author: Thomas Wolfe

Narrated by: Scott Sowers

Thomas Clayton Wolfe (1900-1938, American novelist and short story writer. North Carolina’s most famous writer.)

“Look Homeward Angel” is a tribute to the history of America in the early 20th century. What makes it a classic is that it reminds one of life in the 21st Century. In Wolfe’s short life, he captures a picture of America that is as reminiscent of today as yesterday. He tells the story of the Gant family as recalled by the book’s main character, Eugene Gant. Much of what is written seems like an experienced life of its author, Thomas Wolfe.

“Identity” is lost among Americans who do not have jobs or are grossly underpaid for the work they do.

Wolfe notes life is a search for identity filled with experiences of happiness, sadness, love, and loss. Our memories remind us of who we are, and how we became the person we think we are, despite the truth seen by others. Wolfe shows how humans are launched into life with experiences that make them something greater or smaller than their parents. As a child grows to adulthood, they become the sum of their personal life experience and inherited qualities of their parents.

S. J. Watson reminds reader/listeners of the nature and development of human beings.

The main character of “Look Homeward Angel” is Eugene Gant. Eugene’s story is about growing up in early 20th century America. Eugene is born into a big family, some of which die early in life. He is not the first born. The relationship between his father and mother show the trials of life between a husband, wife, and their children. William Gant, the father, drinks too much and seems to be in search of himself for a place in the world. He seems adrift with a self-destructive personality, an incoherent and somewhat peripatetic existence. He eventually settles into singular home life, but with scars from family separation and a wife who kept the home fires burning.

Can one be guilty of events for which they have no control over, or responsibility.

As in all families, every human being struggles to define themselves. Even though Eugene, his father, mother, and siblings have their own memories and history of life, Wolfe focuses on the growth and maturity of one son who grows to adulthood as a college graduate and an accomplished writer. It is the aspiration and self-discovery of Eugene and Wolfe’s engaging writing that keeps one engrossed in “Look Homeward Angel”. Wolfe is an extraordinarily gifted writer who paints imaginative, detailed, and believable pictures of an American family in the early 20th century. He portrays the vividness of life from the early 1900s through WWI and makes one think this is Thomas Wolfe’s life story.

Life’s journey.

Every child in a family has different expectations and experiences in life. Life is a singular journey for every human being. All of the Gant family members represent different aspects of life. Eugene’s mother is the anchor of the family. His father is a lesser light because of his lack of discipline, and employment instability. His sister, Helen, seems to understand Eugene as the aspirational child of the family. Eugene’s older brother and closest sibling, Ben, is a realist about the family’s instability and acts as protector of Eugene during the family’s hard times. Ben dies in the course of the story which gives reader/listeners a sense of the hardship in early 20th century America. Of course, the identified hardships of the Gant family remain in America today. That is what makes Wolfe’s story a literary classic.

Some Americans succeed in life; others fail. One sibling chooses to go to college while another chooses a different path. Each has an opportunity to succeed or fail. Education is no guarantee of a better life. However, doors are opened while others are closed without education. A minority of people become great, happy, and semi-contented while others fall into a cycle of poverty, unhappiness, and ever-present discontent. There is no clear path to success in life. One out of five of the Gant family presumably achieved fame and fortune. The other four seem to have lived a life of limited success in quiet desperation, insecurity, and struggle. “Look Homeward Angel” is as much a story of today as it is about early 20th century America.

Wolfe shows that one can never fully go home again. Eugene has grown beyond his attachment to home because the past is only a memory and his future lays before him. Time changes everything. Wolfe shows the differences in how one becomes who they are; i.e., the family we come from shapes us in great and small ways. How and by whom we are raised is always with us. It does not mean we are not different from our parents. Thomas Wolfe shows how we become adults. He implies adulthood is a function of genetic inheritance, personal experience, and acceptance or rejection of our parents’ life experience.

CREATIVE GENIUS

A reader/listener of this audio collection of Edgar Allan Poe’s prose illustrates his imaginative genius.

Audio-book Review
By Chet Yarbrough

(Blog:awalkingdelight)
 Website: chetyarbrough.blog

The Edgar Allan Poe Audio Collection

By: Edgar Allan Poe

Narrated by: Vincent Price & 1 more

Edgar Allan Poe (American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic.)

This photograph of Poe reminds one of characters in his macabre tales. This audio collection of the most famous Edgar Allen Poe’ short stories shows how creative, poetic, and disturbing his imagination is to an unwary listener. Short stories like “The Tell-Tale Heart” and “The Pit and the Pendulum” are beautifully poetic but terrifying tales of life and death. Two of the chosen stories are haunted and terror filled narrations by Vincent Price or Basil Rathbone with voices that resonate with macabre messages about living and dying. From guilt that cannot be escaped to the impossibility of eternal life, Poe writes two stories to explain what it means to be a human being.

The hearts and minds of humanity.

“The Tell-Tale Heart” is of a murderer of an old man whose body is hidden under the floorboards of a house where two men live together. The murderer perceives his victim had a “vulture eye” that, when it looked at him, made his “blood run cold”. He murders the old man who has this “…eye” and is confident that when the police arrive, the victim will not be discovered. However, as the police arrive to investigate, the murderer can’t help but hear a beating heart of the dead old man that is hidden below the floorboards. Of course, what he is hearing is his own heart from the guilt he feels for having murdered the old man. He confesses to the police because he cannot escape his own conscience. Or as Poe is famous for having written: “A guilty conscience needs no accuser.”

Russian murder room during Stalin’s rule in a visit to the Baltic states of Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania. (It is not a dungeon with a pendulum, but it speaks to the truth of man’s inhumanity to man.)

“The Pit and the Pendulum” is a clever story about the inevitability of death. Most human beings do not know why, from what, or when they will die but like the swing of a descending pendulum’s blade, life’s end will come. Poe makes it clear that even though we know death will come, most people have a will to survive.

To some, the fear of death is worse than death itself. For others, because of not knowing where you are in life, what will happen in the future, and what one will die from makes fear an irrational way to live life. Descent of a blade’s pendulum, whether slow or fast, is a brilliant symbol of time as life’s executioner. As a human being, we look at our surroundings whether in a dungeon or not, the luck of an animal gnawing through ropes to help keep us alive reminds one of doctors trying to cure our illnesses or an attorney freeing a man from death row. Whomever ties us down in life are the people and circumstances of the life we live. The walls of the pendulum’s chamber are the boundaries of human existence.

A reader/listener of this audio collection of Edgar Allan Poe’s prose illustrates his imaginative genius.

HUMAN RELATIONS

Celibacy, marriage, infidelity, and the experiences of education, financial security, and life make human relationships unpredictable. Watson’s story shows how unpredictable life can be.

Audio-book Review
By Chet Yarbrough

(Blog:awalkingdelight)
 Website: chetyarbrough.blog

Before I Go to Sleep (A Novel)

By: S. J. Watson

Narrated by: Orlagh Cassidy

S. J. Watson (English author, writer, audiologist.)

“Before I Go to Sleep” is a terrifying novel about human relationship. On the one hand, it is a story about memory and identity, trust and deception, power and control. On the other, it is about the immense harm that may come from a psychotic episode of one who has lost control of their temper and behavior. Watson writes a story about a wife, Christine, who is married to Ben. They go through a rough patch in their marriage and Christine has an affair with a man named Mike whom she meets at a coffee pub. Through several meetings and conversations, Christine is seduced and chooses to have an affair with Mike.

Relationship building.

Christine chooses to end the affair, but Mike reacts to her rejection by beating her into unconsciousness. She loses her memory from the brutalization, and in a mysterious way, Christine reconnects with Mike who takes care of her during a long and extended recovery. Her husband, Ben, seems both absent and present during Catherine’s recovery. Mike assumes the role of Ben as Christine’s husband when Ben is not present. Because of Christine’s lack of memory, she remembers neither the faces nor behaviors of what are essentially caregivers in her life. Mike takes Ben’s place by living with and caring for Christine when the real Ben is not present. Mike chooses to become Ben and changes the story of Christine’s brutalization from his attack to an automobile accident as the cause of her injuries. Mike purposefully misleads Catherine about events in her life. He re-establishes an intimate relationship with Catherine as her husband named Ben.

Threats to relationships in life.

Mike’s deception becomes threatened when an interested psychiatrist named Nash wishes to help her recover her memory. Dr. Nash is interested because of the unusual nature of Christine’s memory loss. In one sense, this heightens the mysteriousness of the author’s story because a reader/listener wonders why Nash involves himself in Christine’s life. Presumably, Nash knows something about what really happened to Christine and advises her not to say anything to Mike about his aid because he believes she is not being told the truth about what happened to her. He advises Christine to keep a secret journal of everything that happens in her life to aid recovery of her memory.

Violence against women.

Violence against women by men is a tragic truth that is magnified in patriarchal societies. Of course, women can also be violent, but their history is less often physical, and more often verbal and/or psychological abuse. The author creates a story that draws one into an engrossing thriller about male physical assault that makes a listener/reader want to find out how Christine recovers her memory of what really happened. Christine is lovingly cared for by the man who had brutalized her. This imaginative social relationship gives a tension to the writing that keeps one engrossed in Watson’s story.

Human nature.

What Watson reminds reader/listeners of is the nature and development of human beings. Relationships between people who care for each other are complicated by genetic inheritance, learned experiences, physical characteristics, and emotional stability. Celibacy, marriage, infidelity, and the experiences of education, financial security, and life make human relationships unpredictable. Watson’s story shows how unpredictable life can be.

COMMUNITY

Steinbeck’s stories show what makes capitalist America a melting pot of the world.

Audio-book Review
By Chet Yarbrough

(Blog:awalkingdelight)
 Website: chetyarbrough.blog

Cannery Row (A Novel)

By: John Steinbeck

Narrated by: Jarry Farden

John Steinbeck (1902-1968, author, Nobel prize winner who wrote 25 novels.)

John Steinbeck’s ability to vivify the lives of the middle and lower classes make stories like “Cannery Row” clear and poignant visions of America. Though published in 1945, “Cannery Row” focuses on a segment of working-class people in Monterey, California, a community about 120 miles south of San Francisco. It is located in an industrial waterfront area lined with boat docks and fish canneries.

Cannery Row as it was in the 1940s.

Image of Monterey's Old Fisherman's Wharf | 2052168

As a community of people who are mostly manual laborers with immigrants and a few professionals, Steinbeck paints a picture of America that resonates with the 21st century; i.e., at least before the current government administration. The sardine industry, like ocean harvesting today, is teetering on collapse in the late 1940s because of overfishing and environmental change. However, Steinbeck shows the human truth of how an industry grows out of the value of immigrants and the middle class in capitalist America. He offers a historical snapshot of the importance of both immigrant and born-in-America citizens that demonstrate the best of what capitalism offers working families.

Working in America.

Working families in the era of midcentury America came from all over the world. Steinbeck paints a picture of a Chinese immigrant who measures the worth of human beings and makes the best of what they offer by recognizing “no” is often the wrong answer to those who try to take advantage of others. This Chinese American opens a grocery store and measures his success by working within the limits of Americans’ ability to pay for what they need to survive. He offers credit, with limits, to his customers and works with them to maintain his livelihood and invest in other properties when opportunities present themselves. He is approached by homeless laborers about living in a warehouse property that has been vacant for some time. He has purchased the property as an investment. They offer no payment for the shelter, but he reasons if he says no, they will take what they are not given, damage his building, and ruin its potential value. On the other hand, if he says yes, they will occupy the building, be customers of his store, improve his income, and take care of his property that will increase in value over time.

Community leaders.

A highlight of Steinbeck’s insightful story is a doctor who is the center of the community’s stability who exemplifies the best of what American life offers. The doctor is a highly respected, vociferous reader of books and a music lover, who cares for the health of those who live in Cannery row. Whether a woman who is working in a house of prostitution, a delinquent who breaks the law, or a fisherman who brings his crew to stir up a fight, the doctor is the glue that holds the community together.

America is and always should be a melting pot if one takes Steinbeck’s view of America as relevant.

Steinbeck’s stories show what makes capitalist America a melting pot of the world. Whether an immigrant, working person, delinquent juvenile, or community leader, every human being has value. Life in America is not easy, but it is worth everything that a sense of community can offer.

MORALITY

“The Road” is a brilliant story about educating society about caring for others.

Audio-book Review
By Chet Yarbrough

(Blog:awalkingdelight)
 Website: chetyarbrough.blog

The Road

By: Cormac McCarthy

Narrated by: Tom Stechschulte

Cormac McCarthy (American author.)

There is never any explanation of the cause for an apocalypse in the chilling story by Cormac McCarthy’s in “The Road”. The apocalypse could have been anything from a nuclear war to a cataclysmic event that turns the world environment into a perpetual winter or, in today’s concern, a boiling planet. Either from human action or ignorance human morality, spirit, and society may collapse.

Despite our current American president’s reversal of environmental regulations, global warming is a clear and present danger to the world.

Today’s concerns are global warming, fear of nuclear war, and now–Artificial Intelligence which is capable of creating a technological or medical virus that could destroy humanity. “The Road” is an intimate portrait of a wasteland where the only trust that exists is between a father and his son. Their peripatetic wandering is through an environmental wasteland in search of food and warmth to sustain their fragile lives. The only bond they have is to each other and it is nearing an end. The age and deteriorating health of the father is advancing as Cormac’s story evolves.

A father’s love for a son.

What makes Cormac’s story compelling is the intimate relationship of a father’s love for his son. It is the meticulous building of that relationship that mesmerizes a reader/listener; keeping them in the story. The dire condition of humanity is balanced against the love of a father trying to educate his son about what is important about living a moral life even in the face of societal despair and certain death.

Living a moral life.

One gathers from Cormac’s story that in the face of calamity, whether it is world environmental collapse or the loss of the most important person in your life, the only hope for human beings is to remind oneself of the lessons they learn about being moral and acting morally. The only chance for humanities survival, when civilization is at risk, is for human goodness to survive. The young boy’s father focuses on teaching his son how to be a good and decent human being. Without caring for others and oneself, society will not survive. The foundation of society is in how humans treat each other.

Something more than religion.

Some may argue this is simply a Christian belief, but Cormac is showing it goes beyond religion and is based on human-to-human relationship. Of course, Cormac’s story is about the relationship of father to son, but the fundamental lesson is that every person is related to others as a member of the human race. We are all responsible to and for each other. “The Road” is a brilliant story about educating society about caring for others.

GUILT

Boyne writes an enlightening story about human judgement and feelings and how one may respond to memories of horrific events in one’s life.

Books of Interest
 Website: chetyarbrough.blog

“All the Broken Places” (A Novel)

Author:John Boyne

Narration by: Kristin Atherton & 1 more

John Boyne (Irish novelist and writer.)

“All the Broken Places” is a creative story about guilt, memory, responsibility, and redemption. It jumps back and forth in time with too many characters. However, it reflects on the terrible consequences of WWII and its survivors who are victims of Nazi Germany’s holocaust. It is about one woman’s long life who is a child when her father is a German Commandant and a mother, who is aware, if not complicit, of holocaust’ crimes at Auschwitz.

Photo of victims taken in a 2024 trip to Auschwitz.

There seems an injustice to punishing a 12-year old’s growth to adulthood for the crimes of her father, despite his horrific acts as a commandant at Auschwitz. The pain of those who lost their loved ones from WWII and the atrocities of Germany in death camps is unimaginable to most who are alive in the 21st century. The injustice of the main character’s punishment from those who lost loved ones is equally unimaginable, but John Boyne writes a fictional story of Gretel who is a young girl punished by WWII allied survivors when she and her mother move to Paris.

Teenager on the cusp of sexual awakening.

Gretel is at the age of development that has enough understanding of guilt to feel it for what her father did during the war. She is also at the age of sexual awakening. The story is about Gretel from the age of 12 to 91 when she is living in London near the end of her life. At the age of 12, she is aware of her father’s role as a commandant at Auschwitz. A reader/listener is put in the position of asking oneself if that makes Gretel complicit in the horror of the holocaust? Because her mother relies on her husband for their financial well-being, is she guilty of the crimes her husband is perpetrating at the order of the Nazi government? Can one think a 12-year-old is complicit?

Can one be guilty of events for which they have no control over, or responsibility.

The life of Gretel is an exploration of one’s guilt, memory, and responsibility for the holocaust and deaths from WWII. Gretel keeps her childhood connection to Nazi Germany secret throughout her adult life. She is the older sister of Bruno, her brother, who dies as a child during the war. His death occurs at Auschwitz in circumstances that reinforce the horror of the camp. Elsa is Gretel’s mother who searches for a husband to take care of them in their move to Paris. As Gretel matures, her guilt about her father’s role in Nazi Germany rises.

As Gretel’s mother finds a match for a husband, Gretel is experiencing the teenage years of maturity where sexuality increasingly occupies her thoughts.

Gretel becomes obsessed with a handsome young boy whose father owns a small business in Paris. She puts herself forward to the boy as a possible companion for her sexual awakening. Ironically, this young boy becomes an accomplice to a punishment organized by the community to attack Gretel and her mother for being associated with the Auschwitz’ commandant. Gretel and her mother are attacked and brutally scalped by an organized mob of local residents.

The author recounts Gretel’s years of life and travels that take her from France to Australia and a retirement home in London. She never escapes her feelings of guilt and memories of a life unhappily lived. To complicate her life, she sees one of the German officers who worked for her father when she lives in Australia. Kurt Kozel, whose name is actually Kurt Kotler, has survived the war, hidden his war identity, is married, and has a young son. What happens next draws one further into the theme of the author’s story about guilt and how it can affect one’s behavior.

Boyne writes an enlightening story about human judgement and feelings and how one may respond to memories of horrific events in one’s life.

SOCIETAL CHANGE

H.G. Well’s interesting message is that human beings may not be able to save themselves from a technologically superior foreign invasion, but established societies and culture are more enduring than technological superiority. Wells is suggesting an invasion by a technologically superior force does not eradicate a society but changes it.

Books of Interest
 Website: chetyarbrough.blog

“The War of the Worlds”

Author: H. G. Wells

Narration by: Christopher Hurt

H. G. Wells (1866-1946, English novelist, journalist, sociologist, and historian.)

“The War of the Worlds” is an odd book. Published in 1898 when the British Empire was near the height of its global power and prestige. It shakes the foundations of world hegemonic ambition. Listening to the book in the 21st century, it has relevance but in today’s hearing it seems too long and melodramatic. Giant fighting machines, heat rays, black smoke chemical weapons, city panic, and refugee flight are too familiar in today’s world. The shock value of a Martian invasion is lost. However, in the reality of a horrific war by Russia on the Ukrainian people, America’s bombing of Iran’s citizens, and Iran’s brutalization and torture of its people make “The War of the Worlds” as important and relevant today as when it was written.

H.G. Well’s Martian Invasion

Most of Wells’ book appears to say an invasion by technologically superior Martians will dominate the earth. What Wells shows is that technological superiority is not enough to conquer the world. As the British army and its weaponry fail to defeat the Martians, Earth’s natural pathogens and environment is shown to seriously challenge Martian’ survival. Technological superiority is not enough to win a war. A combination of nature’s pathogens and human resistance are challenges that suggest, despite technological superiority, singular societies ultimately prevail. History shows that eternal domination of an independent distinct society is unlikely to prevail. A distinct society may change from the influence of an invasion, but it does not disappear, it adapts. Glasnost is evidence of that truth when the former nations that were part of the U.S.S.R. reestablish themselves as independent societies that do not entirely abandon the influence of Russian domination. Native tribes that lived in what became the United States retain much of their social identity despite America’s English occupiers.

H.G. Well’s interesting message is that human beings may not be able to save themselves from a technologically superior foreign invasion, but established societies and culture are more enduring than technological superiority. Wells is suggesting an invasion by a technologically superior force does not eradicate a society but changes it.

A WRITER’S JUDGEMENT

“There is Simply Too Much to Think About” is a time-consuming read with a depth of understanding about writing that gives one “…Too Much to Think About” because of its author’s humbling intelligence. The fundamental point Bellow makes is that art is as important as science for the advance of society.

Books of Interest
 Website: chetyarbrough.blog

There Is Simply too Much to Think About (Collected Nonfiction) 

Author: Saul Bellow

Narration by: Malcolm Hillgartner

Saul Bellow (Author, Canadian-American novelist who has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, and the Pulitzer Prize.)

This is a daunting book by an accomplished novelist who explains what makes reading fiction and nonfiction worth one’s time and attention. The range of subjects Bellow covers is immense. He not only writes about literature but politics, philosophy, Jewish identity, American culture, history, and other subjects that overwhelm a reader/listener. Bellow suggests good nonfiction and fiction are about characters who write about life that makes them important enough to have meaning to readers and purpose for writers. A writer creates an understanding of characters in the context of a society in which they live. A good writer’s attention is given to the contradictions and complexity of living life. What Bellow means by nonfiction writers is those who witness life unfolding and relate that understanding from a perspective which may or may not resonate or at least be understood by a reader.

Though Bellow mentions few female authors, he shows strong opinions about famous male authors.

Bellow offers a tour of twentieth century writers he believes are examples of good nonfiction writers. He notes Ralph Ellison, Phillip Roth, and J.D. Salinger as examples of great nonfiction writers. At the same time, Bellow explains how deeply his life feeds into his writing. He reveals his own strengths and weaknesses. He acknowledges being drawn into trendy ideas of others that gloss over truth and mislead readers with contradictions. Like all human beings, Bellow can be misled by second-hand assertions about historic events and characters that lack verifiable truth. The result may be misrepresentation and sometimes cruel judgements about private lives and the history of humanity. Written misrepresentations reveal as much about the writer as the subject.

Ralph Ellison (Author of “Invisible Man”)

Bellow offers some warnings to readers of both good and bad writers. He suggests a reader should be careful about reading too much into writer’s characters or experience in a story. One thinks of Ellison’s “Invisible Man” and how it reshaped many readers understanding of race and identity. Ellison is not writing a protest novel. It is about social invisibility, Black identity, politics, and the meaning of life. Phillip Roth’s Colman Silk is accused of racism and forced to retire but he is not a racist. He is obviously falsely accused because he is secretly African American passing as white. Truth of a story is revealed in detail created by good writing.

Though not having personally read Bellow’s books, he notes that his writing is largely based on episodes from his own life.

Being born in a Montreal Jewish slum and raised as an immigrant in Chicago he experiences discrimination as a baby born in a Montreal slum and as an immigrant on Chicago streets. The working-class environment of Chicago streets gave Bellow a level of freedom and exposure to life as just another young boy finding his way in life. He could measure himself against more diverse life experiences in Chicago without losing his Jewish identity. As an immigrant, it added to his identity and broadened his understanding of life as a human being. He became streetwise in responding to the world.

The experience of life.

Bellow clearly illustrates a personal belief and understanding about life. He is an obvious master of American language. His intellect and curiosity are overwhelming. There is an emotional and moral seriousness that is sometimes funny and at others quite confrontational. He masterfully turns lived experience into art. There is a level of overconfidence in his judgement and personal contradictions crop up in his writing. On the one hand he distrusts ideology but writes a highly ideological view of writing. He defends the importance of art but criticizes culture. He lauds intellectual independence while insisting on his own beliefs. He is a bit combative toward academics, critics, and seems somewhat dismissive or impatient with those who struggle with his opinions. The title of Bellow’s book says it all–“There is Simply Too Much to Think About”.

Bellow believes the arts are the essential ingredient of what Martin Luther King’s quote depends upon.

Bellow is very judgmental about the writers he reviews in his “…Much to Think About” book. His greatest praise goes to Ralph Ellison, Phillip Roth, James Joyce, and Franz Kafka. His sharpest criticism is of Updike, Hemmingway, T.S. Eliot, Salinger, and James Baldwin. Updike is called too polished, Hemingway too emotionally shallow, Eliot too culturally conservative, Salinger too mystical, and Baldwin too damaged by ethnic prejudice. Despite his criticism, Bellow finds their works have power and meaning implying they are worth reading. Most who recognize or have read some or all of these authors will likely find them worth the time and effort to read them and come to their own conclusions.

“There is Simply Too Much to Think About” is a time-consuming read with a depth of understanding about writing that gives one “…Too Much to Think About” because of its author’s humbling intelligence. The fundamental point Bellow makes is that art is as important as science for the advance of society.

NON-FICTION BOOKS

Kenneth Davis does more to add than subtract from one’s understanding of what others have written. Davis’s reviews of non-fiction books seem objective, but they are subjectively chosen.

Books of Interest
 Website: chetyarbrough.blog

The World in Books (523 Works of Great Short Nonfiction) 

Author: Kenneth C. Davis

Narration by: Adenrele Ojo & 2 more

Kenneth C. Davis (Author, lecturer, contributor to The New York Times, Newsday and other publications.)

A criticism of Kenneth Davis’s “The World in Books” is its spartan overview of nonfiction. On the other hand, these reviews are an important overview of many of the most politically and socially important subjects of life.

Religion, humanism, sexism, and racism are the most eminent of Davis’s subjects. Like all brief summaries of important writers of the past, one’s personal views interfere with fundamentally important subjects. Of course, our personal biases seep into our own writing and understanding of other’s beliefs. What seems missing from Davis’s book is not wide analysis of different political and social beliefs but a perspective on the negative consequences of known forms of government or societal beliefs. Of course, criticism of his choice of works is unreasonable because of the wide number of non-fiction books from which to choose. Fairness is in the eyes, ears, and memory of the beholder.

The aristocracy of government.

On the one hand, one sees Davis’s view of communism, democracy, authoritarianism, and humanism as important constructs of society. On the other, Davis offers little consideration of their societal impact. One may argue societal impact is not Davis’s objective. He alludes to race, gender, and climate consequences but does not explore connections with a broad analysis of government or society. As with all writers of history, his own bias is in his choice of non-fiction books. He writes of Socrates, Plato, Frederick Douglass, W.E.B. Du Bois, James Baldwin, Elie Wiesel, Malcolm X, George Orwell, Virginia Woolf, Alice Toklas, Gertrude Stein, Mary Wollstonecraft, Ernest Hemingway, and others. He recognizes liberal humanists for their ideological and social contribution to human understanding, not for expressed personal opinion but for broad exposure to good or great writers.

General criticism of Davis seems unfair because he offers historical information about a “…World of Books” that are often ignored by reader/listeners of non-fiction writers. How many of us have read ancient texts, or modern writers like Elizabeth Kolbeert, Frankl, Harriet Jacobs, Isabel Wilderson, Simone de Beauvoir, and other less well-known writers about human society. Davis seems to represent a host of lesser-known works to simply offer enlightenment to reader/listeners. He provides excellent summaries of many books this reviewer has never read or listened to.

All reviewers bring their own biases in reviewing another’s book.

Davis does more to add than subtract from one’s understanding of what others have written. Davis’s reviews of non-fiction books are objective, but they are subjectively chosen. The author may have had a curation bias. How could he not; i.e. there are too many non-fiction books for one person to know; let alone review. Davis may or may not have an ideological liberal humanist bias, but it is because of the sheer volume of published non-fiction books. Every person has a point of view. The point is that a reader/listener is benefited by an author like Davis who intends to be objective about what non-fiction authors hope and try to tell reader/listeners.